Improving The Health And Wellbeing Of An Individual

Select any two factors which must be considered by a HCP and discuss how they enable the HCP to improve the health and wellbeing of individuals Introduction In the field of healthcare, effective communication and teamwork can have direct ramification on patient morbidity and mortality as well as the health and wellbeing of healthcare professionals (Royal College of Nursing Policy statement, 2006). This paper will discuss exactly how both communication and teamwork in healthcare between healthcare professionals and patients can improve the health and wellbeing of an individual, physically and mentally. Research has shown that when there is strong use of communication and teamwork in a healthcare setting, they can improve the health and safety of a patient (Quality Safety Health Care, 2004). Communication – Improving the Health and Wellbeing of an Individual In order to become successful as a healthcare professional, you need communication. Effective communication occurs with effective collaboration and teamwork. As a healthcare professional, being unable to interact with your patient or liaise with your healthcare team can immediately destroy the relationship between the healthcare professional and the patient, which in that case can lead to many problems. According to the NHS constitution, the most common complaints in the NHS are related to poor communication (NHS England, 2010). The National Patient Safety Agency (2007) suggests that the key to improving patient’sShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Information Technology On Healthcare1616 Words   |  7 PagesHOLMES INSTITUTE OF HIGHER EDUCATION BRISBANE HC1041B IT for Business Topic Impact of Information Technology on Healthcare. Individual Assignment Submitted to: Mr. Dushyant Singh Submitted by: Dinesh Madhav (RWY8001) INTRODUCTION IT is utilized as a part of such a variety of fields in our everyday life. From Engineers to Doctors, Students, Teachers, and Government Organization they all use IT to perform particular assignments, for enjoyment or just to complete office work. ITRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking Tobacco On Individuals With Poor Health And Wellbeing Outcomes1415 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This report will focus how smoking tobacco can result in individuals with poor health and wellbeing outcomes. The report with the first overview of the Victorian public health and wellbeing plan 2015-2019, outlining how the determinants of health can influence at-risk population groups. Afterwards, one of the priority area, tobacco-free living, will be selected along with the two at-risk groups, those who are lower on the social gradient ladder and Aboriginal Victorians, then one at-riskRead MoreThe Action Area Is Aimed At Improving The Knowledge And756 Words   |  4 PagesThe action area is aimed at improving the knowledge and skills of individuals so that they have the power to enhance their own wellbeing by making better informed decisions. Beyondblue incorporate the developing personal skills action area into their initiative through the ‘Aspire, Achieve, Affect’ program1. This program is aimed at primary school kids and entails AFL players visiting the primary sch ool and interacting with the kids. This positions, the AFL players as role models for the kids removingRead MoreIdentifying And Understanding The Factors That Shape Health1636 Words   |  7 PagesIdentifying and understanding the factors that shape health in later life has become a crucial issue in the recent decades both in the United States and globally. The basis for this is that the size of the aging population is fast swelling than ever before due to low fertility and increased life expectancy. Ideally, the element of social support has been thought to offer a potential pathway for the promotion of health among the aged adults. Fundamentally, social support is one of the most essentialRead MoreThe Health Of A Landscape1282 Words   |  6 Pages Health in a landscape An individual’s health is measured by their physical and mental wellbeing. It has been proven in many studies that an individual’s physical surroundings can have an impact on their overall health. With a contemporary cultural emphasis on healthy living, land planners including urban designers and landscape architects have unique opportunities to integrate health into our everyday outdoor spaces. In a publication written by Landscape Institute, a Royal Chartered Institute forRead MoreHealth Monitoring Sensors And Health Care1028 Words   |  5 PagesPresently a days individuals from provincial ranges are confronting the wellbeing issues and Health Care is troublesome assignment to keep up for them. In the majority of the provincial territories Doctors are not accessible and individuals can t come in the urban communities. So we are attempting to address these issues in rustic division in our task. This venture shows a straightforward wellbeing checking framework which is well material for country zones or in any Government establishment.Read Mored1) Assess the possible effects of discrimination on the physical, intellectual, emotional and social health/wellbeing of individuals975 Words   |  4 Pages intellectual, emotional and social health/wellbeing of individuals Discrimination occurs when someone is treated differently because of his socio-economic, physical, cultural and social background or his beliefs. In a social care environment this can be manifested in the form of labelling stereotyping or abusing an individual. Such practice will have negative effects on the physical, intellectual and emotional and social health/ wellbeing of the individuals being cared. Discrimination can be obviousRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health1377 Words   |  6 Pages A group of fellow students and my self conducted a public health walk in the area of hackney borough. Our aim was to observe the community and how their surroundings affected their health. On 4th November 2014, we met at 10am and started our walk at St. Johns church. Prior to this day we met up to plan on our walk and how we will conduct it. While on our walk we observed how diverse and cultural the area was, we observed the people socialising in the street, the services available for these peopleRead MoreFactors Influencing The Health And Wellbeing Of Individuals1300 Words   |  6 PagesLO3 TASK 3 Understand the factors influencing the health and wellbeing of individuals in Health and Social care settings. 3.1 The health and wellbeing priorities for individual in a particular health and social care settings are conditions in which people are born, grown, live, work and age. These are shaped by the distribution of money, power resources at global; national and local levels. People do not have enough money to buy food for a balanced diet so they have to buy cheaper pricedRead MoreTexas Health Harris Methodist Cleburne1614 Words   |  7 PagesTexas Health Harris Methodist–Cleburne is one of the top performers in the country on the surgical care process-of-care measures, often referred to as the core or Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) measures. The measures, developed by the Hospital Quality Alliance and reported to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), relate to achievement of recommended treatment in four clinical areas: heart attack, heart failure, pneumonia, and surgical care. In addition to its high performance

The Holocaust The World, And The Jews Essay - 1622 Words

Reading historical sources is an important and fundamental way of learning from history because it provides different perspectives of a particular event. If historians and scholars were to draw from one particular source, then they would have a limited perspective of an event that occurred. Therefore, this is why many different sources need to be integrated into learning about a particular subject. While learning about the Holocaust, my Professor, Gordon Dueck, has used Elie Wiesel’s memoir, Night, Laurent Binet’s novel, HHhH, and Norman Goda’s historical overview, The Holocaust: Europe, the World, and the Jews, 1918 – 1945, to teach us about the Holocaust. This paper will discuss the different forms of Holocaust representation that I have learned about and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of memoirs, novels, and historical overviews while learning about the Holocaust. The first type of Holocaust representation that must be mentioned is memoirs. A memoir provides a firsthand account of an event that a person experienced during their life. I believe memoirs are the basis of history because without firsthand accounts of an event, how would a story ever be started and validated? Memoirs are used in novels and historical overviews because they provide an exact account of what happened during a particular time period. The person who wrote a memoir experienced an event, unlike people who write novels and historical overviews. Elie Wiesel’s, Night, is a memoir that providesShow MoreRelatedThe Holocaust And Its Effects On The Jews And The Rest Of The World1213 Words   |  5 PagesThe Holocaust was a systematic government enforced persecution and murder of the Jews that took place throughout Nazi-occupied territories under the command of Adolf Hitler. Although the rest of the world did not suffer from the abuse, murder and isolation that the Jews e ndured, the brutal polices against Jews caused major destruction and sparked tremendous outrage globally. World War 2 erupted after Adolf Hitler won the election for Germany’s leader in 1933. Throughout the years, his dictatorshipRead MoreThe Holocaust was the genocide and the cause of death for about 6 million Jews during World War II.800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Holocaust was the genocide and the cause of death for about 6 million Jews during World War II. The Holocaust affected many, including Gypsies, homosexuals, mentally and physically disabled, and anyone who did not fit the description of Hitler’s â€Å"master race†. Hitler was an anti-Semitist who believed in a superior race and killed many Jewish people by putting them in concentration camps. Adolf Hitler was born in Austria on April 20, 1889 to Alois Hitler and Klara Polzl. He was the 4th out ofRead MoreThe Holocausts Effect on the German Jew Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pages1933. He hated Jews and blamed them for everything bad that had ever happened to Germany. Hitler’s goal in life was to eliminate the Jewish population. With his rise to power in Germany, he would put into action his plan of elimination. This is not only why German Jews were the main target of the Holocaust, but why they were a large part of the years before, during, and after the Holocaust. Hitler’s â€Å"final solution† almost eliminated the Jewish population in Europe during World War II. At theRead MoreTaking a Look at Holocaust Revisionism1459 Words   |  6 Pagesto the population of Missouri. This event is known as the Holocaust. During this genocide, the Nazi party in Germany tried to eliminate the whole jewish population. In the process of doing so they killed some six million innocent people. The Nazi Party nearly wiped out the entire Jewish population, leaving very few to carry on with religion and personal accounts of living through the Holocaust. For generations the facts about the Holocaust have been taught so that nothing like this terrible eventRead MoreThe Holocaust Denial1324 Words   |  6 PagesGrowing up, people learn about the past of their own kind and of the world they live in. One reads history in books, hears history from parents, and studies history at schools. Knowing the history of ones ancestors allows one to understand the past and change for a better future. Significant battles, civil movements, and reformations teach people valuable lessons and help the society to improve. The Holocaust, one of the most well-known history events, represents a perfect historical example ofRead MoreI First Visited The Virtual Holocaust Museum Website And Researched The Bodies Of The Holocaust871 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I first visited the virtual Holocaust Museum website and researched the bodies of the site it represented discrimination and bigotry. The action taken upon the innocent the dominant leader Adolf Hitler and the members of his group carried out Jews. The website classified the term Genocide to commit violent crimes against groups with the intent to destroy the existence of the group. The central issue raised by the site is informing people the awareness of Genocide. When I was looking into theRead MoreThe Actions Of Adolf Hitler And His Nazi Army1205 Words   |  5 Pagessix-million Jews is known as the Holocaust. In Greek â€Å"Holocaust† means â€Å"whole- burnt†, sometimes it is referred to as the â€Å"Shoah† which is â€Å"catastrophe† in Hebrew (Hall n.p.). Nazi Germany and the territories it took over treated Jews like animals and did awful things to them. It is very hard to understand how an event like this could even happen and why someone would involve himself in this enormous, racist group and eventually genocide. It is important to know what caused the Holocaust in order forRead MoreTargeting Jews for Genocide Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesTargeting Jews for Genocide When discussing The Holocaust, our minds tend to jump straight to the genocide of the Jewish populations of Europe. This is because of the approximate 11 million people killed during The Holocaust; roughly 6 million of them were Jews. Many people are now left to wonder why Hitler and the Nazi Party specifically targeted the Jews for genocide. The main reason was because the Nazi Party took the idea of nationalism to an extreme, new level. Hitler also thought the Jews wereRead MoreThe Holocaust Was Influenced By Hate, And The Remembrance Of Holocaust1430 Words   |  6 PagesThe Holocaust was the systematic killing and extermination of millions of Jews and other Europeans by the German Nazi state between 1939 and 1945. Innocent Europeans were forced from their homes into concentration camps, executed violently, and used for medical experiments. The Nazis believed their acts against this innocent society were justified when hate was the motivating factor. The Holocaust illustrates t he consequences of prejudice, racism, and stereotyping on a society. It forces societiesRead MoreSingling Out the Jewish People743 Words   |  3 PagesBefore the beginning of World War II the Nazi party took over in Germany. At its head was a man named Adolf Hitler. For some reason Hitler hated the Jews, we see this in World War II with the Holocaust. The Holocaust started in 1933 when Hitler rose to power; he made a plan in 1941 which was to eradicate the whole Jewish population. Hitler called this plan the â€Å"Final Solution† (An Introductory History of The Holocaust). Why did Hitler and the Nazis single out the Jews for genocide? And in what ways

Operant Conditioning and Classical Conditioning Free Essays

Operant Conditioning and Classical Conditioning Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. The process relies on the idea that organisms respond to stimuli, and that if they can be taught to associate a specific stimulus with a particular behavior, they will be more likely to engage in or avoid the behavior, depending on the type of stimulus involved. We will write a custom essay sample on Operant Conditioning and Classical Conditioning or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the other hand, classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through association between an environmental stimulus and a naturally stimulus. It involves placing a neutral signal before a naturally occurring reflex. While operant conditioning and classical conditioning techniques share some similarities, it is important to understand the differences between them. One of the major differences involves the types of behavior that are conditioned. While classical conditioning is centered on involuntary, automatic behavior, operant conditioning is focused on voluntary behavior. An example of classical conditioning could be when: someone flushes a toilet in your apartment building or your house, the shower becomes very hot and causes you to jump back. Over time, you will begin to jump back automatically after hearing the flush before the water temperature changes. As a child my mother would always tell me to go to the store and buy fresh baked bread first thing in the morning, and I would immediately put a piece in my mouth, years has past and the smell of fresh bread baking makes my mouth water. We have a lion in a circus. It learns to stand up on a chair and jump through a hoop to receive a food treat, this example is operant conditioning because standing on a chair and jumping through hoops are voluntary behavior. You check the coin return slot on a pay telephone and find a quarter. You find yourself checking other telephones over the next few days. This is also an example of operant conditioning because checking the coin return slot is also a voluntary behavior How to cite Operant Conditioning and Classical Conditioning, Essay examples

Healthy Living of Adolescents-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Healthy living of Adolescents is of great Importance to People of Canada. Answer: Healthy living of adolescents is of great importance to people of Canada. There is need for many factors like supportive family, thriving social relations and most importantly, feelings of safety that prevent them from diseases, injury and help them to socialize feeling safe in the world. For this, health promotion and disease prevention is important for the adolescents. Health Promotion Dietary patterns Health Canada Surveillance Tool Tier system, 2014 suggests that every 3 in 10 adolescents have increased energy intakes than required. There is increased consumption of saturated fats that need to be reduced among adolescents with inadequate vitamins and minerals consumption like calcium, vitamin D, vitamin A and phosphorus. There is a great concern that adolescents in Canada are not meeting their daily nutrient requirements and inadequate sodium intake associated with adverse health effects. Health promotion is required in this area to promote healthy behaviour among them to prevent obesity (phac-aspc.gc.ca, 2017). Nutrient requirements Obesity is the main concern in Canada due to household food insecurity making adolescents obese and prone to obesity related risks. According to a study conducted by Jessri, Nishi LAbbe, (2016) dietary patterns among adolescents in Canada demonstrated a high prevalence of consumed food rich in potatoes and processed meats. There is unhealthy food behaviour among the adolescents that has severe implications on their health like obesity. Adolescents have low quality dietary intake with less macronutrients consumption having suboptimal meal behaviour. Heath promotion is required to inculcate healthy food behaviour among this age group Stress Herman, Hopman Sabiston, (2015) there is stress prevailing among Canadian youth where around 20% youth experience 20% of moderate level of stress due to peer pressure, disruption from family and violence. They also experience suicidal thoughts and lack of social connectedness with family and seeking professional help for mental health problems. Mental health Due to persisting feelings of hopelessness and stress, there is an increase in risk for mental health problems among Canadian youth (Garipy Elgar, 2016). Substance abuse like alcohol drinking is reported among the adolescents aged 15 to 17 years that affect their mental health and highly engaged in unhealthy behaviour. They need to be educated about importance of mental health as physical health and encourage them to seek mental health professionals help when they experience suicidal thoughts or unable to cope up with their mental health issues. Youth education and understanding Canadian youth education is important in areas of unhealthy behaviour and lifestyle, education about mental health awareness and health safety. Promotion of health among young people is required that gives a foundation for the promotion of their health and addressing of health inequities among them. The actions and crosscutting strategies need to be used by school leaders ad community for strengthening protective factors, reduction of risk factors and facilitation of access to determinants of mental health. This strengthening of protective factors provide greater access to the determinants and creation of positive mental health conditions and reduction of risk-tasking behaviour among Canadian youth. These five factors can be helpful in maximizing efforts through youth engagement and encourage social inclusion. Further education is required for the youth in the areas of mental health, healthy lifestyle modifications and habits of living Strategies and resources youth education and promotion model Epidemiology and Statistics: Common diseases and injuries Head injury In the year 2011- 2012, around 754 sports-related head injuries resulted in hospitalizations among 5 to 19 years. An estimated 15,970 patients were admitted to emergency departments in Canada due to concussions and head injuries (infobase.phac-aspc.gc.ca, 2017). Around 60% youth were admitted to emergency departments due to recreation and sports-related injuries (Yanchar, Warda Fuselli, (2012). About 40% increase in sports-related injuries was from soccer, football and hockey in the year 2014. Boys are more prone to head injuries as compared to girls Risk for heart disease Canadians of the age 12-30 years suffer from high risk for heart disease that includes high blood pressure, obesity and diabetes. According to the study by Canadian Medical Association Journal, there is younger heart-attacks and stroke due to poor diet and sedentary lifestyle among Canadian youth haunt them in the form of chronic health problems. There is high consumption of excessive sodium levels and packaged foods with low level of physical exercise is posing risk for heart disease threat to the young Canadians and vulnerable to high blood pressure due to diseases (Pelletier et al., 2012). Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) The typical age for IBD is 20 years among youth Canadians like ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease. During the year 2010-2013, the statistics has jumped to 7.2 percent with a combination of factors including environment, genetics and a result of diets that they have causing depletion of good bacteria in the digestive tract. Substance abuse Among the youth Canadians, 8.8% were current smokers, 25.5% current binge drinkers, 18.8% current marijuana users and overweight youths around 22.5%. Around 31.2% did not perform any physical activity, 89.4% sedentary lifestyle and 93.6% did not intake vegetable and fruits (Leatherdale Rynard, 2013). The risk factors are high with 2.9% of youth are prone to risk factors for heart disease and high blood pressure. Brain injuries and concussions among Canadian youth Youth people in Canada suffer from head injuries as a major public health issue as they have long and short health consequences. Repetitive head injuries can cause long-term injuries resulting in brain damage. This occurs during sports and recreational activities that are otherwise preventable. Levels of Prevention Three levels of prevention plays an important role in the promotion of good health and injury prevention among the youths in Canada that have array of activities to reduce the onset or seriousness and the disease complications. Prevention occurs at three levels: Primary prevention This level of prevention deals with the promotion of health and protection against the risk exposure leading to health problems. There is a need to change the environment by providing family support to protect them from risk factors. There is also need for community empowerment to create awareness among the adolescents and their families regarding the change in lifestyle and personal behaviour. Nutrition education that contains maintenance of healthy food by in taking fruits and vegetables and exercise behaviours is fruitful for the youth in reducing the risk for obesity and heart diseases (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Secondary prevention This level of prevention focuses on the stopping or slowing down the progression of disease or injury risk. The activities need to focus and target the issues of health, lifestyle or environmental factors. This includes the activity programs for the physical exercise and nutrition that target obese youths and individuals prone to heart diseases. Tertiary level of prevention This level comprises of the rehabilitation and management of persons who are diagnosed with substance abuse or health conditions. This level is concerned with reduction of complications and improving their quality of life through counselling and providing them special healthcare needs like mental health services. Health clinics that provide tertiary level of prevention are helpful in extending the youths years of productivity. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). USA. Classification of Diseases, Functioning, and Disability.[ ]: https://www. cdc. gov/nchs/icd/icd10cm. htm ( : 20.09. 2014). Garipy, G., Elgar, F. J. (2016). Trends in Psychological Symptoms among Canadian Adolescents from 2002 to 2014: Gender and Socioeconomic Differences. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 61(12), 797-802. Herman, K. M., Hopman, W. M., Sabiston, C. M. (2015). Physical activity, screen time and self-rated health and mental health in Canadian adolescents. Preventive medicine, 73, 112-116. infobase.phac-aspc.gc.ca. (2017). Retrieved 27 November 2017, from https://infobase.phac-aspc.gc.ca/datalab/head-injuries-blog-en.html infobase.phac-aspc.gc.ca. (2017). Retrieved 27 November 2017, from https://infobase.phac-aspc.gc.ca/datalab/head-injury-interactive-en.html?wbdisable=truewbdisable=true Jessri, M., Nishi, S. K., LAbbe, M. R. (2016). Assessing the nutritional quality of diets of Canadian children and adolescents using the 2014 Health Canada Surveillance Tool Tier System. BMC public health, 16(1), 381. Leatherdale, S. T., Rynard, V. (2013). A cross-sectional examination of modifiable risk factors for chronic disease among a nationally representative sample of youth: are Canadian students graduating high school with a failing grade for health?. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 569. Pelletier, C., Dai, S., Roberts, K. C., Bienek, A. (2012). Report summary Diabetes in Canada: facts and figures from a public health perspective.Chronic diseases and injuries in Canada,33(1). Yanchar, N. L., Warda, L. J., Fuselli, P. (2012). Child and youth injury prevention: A public health approach. Paediatrics child health, 17(9), 511-511.

Macbeth Essays (780 words) - English-language Films, British Films

Macbeth What does a person must do to be considered a man? While some say that he must be ambitious, opportunist and always striving to be better, others would disagree. They say that he must be just in his actions and always honest. The definition of manhood varies from person to person. In the play Macbeth, William Shakespeare suggests that the beliefs about what a man is differs from each person through the characters conversation and actions in the play. Although Macbeths character greatly changes throughout the play, in the beginning, he is seen as a good model of what a man should be like. Known as a valiant cousin [and a] worthy gentlemen, Macbeth wins the great respect and admiration from his king, Duncan, and his soldiers through his actions on the battlefields. His views on manhood are that one must be loyal to his king, honorable to his friends and honest and loving to his wife. He shows his belief in loyalty to his king by dar[ing] to do all that may become a man, by fighting seemingly losing battles for the safety of Duncan. Also, the idea of murdering Duncan makes him feel that he would lose his manhood. This is because he feels that if he dares to be more that what he is then he is not humble but instead greedy and therefore not a man. Macbeth, as well, shows that although he is cold-hearted on the battlefield, he is not with his wife. Deeply in love with his wife, Macbeth shares everything with her example here. Although this leads him to his eventual doom, his powerful affection towards Lady Macbeth makes him feel complete in his definition of a man. On the other hand, Lady Macbeth views on manhood are much different from her husbands and the other characters in the play. Unlike Macbeth, Lady Macbeth envisions a man to be opportunist, cruel and ruthless instead of honorable and loyal. When she receives the letter from Macbeth and learns of her chance to be queen, she prays that the spirits that tend on mortal thoughts [would] unsex [her], and that she will be fill[ed] from the crown to the toe of direst cruelty, so that she would have the strength to murder Duncan. Believing the spirits would unsex her, she hopes that she wouldnt be bothered by a woman's kindness or remorse and thus would become a cruel killer, like a man. Also, when she finds out that her husband does not want to murder Duncan to become king, she taunts him aggressively to challenge his manhood. Believing that he is too full [of] the milk of human kindness, she tells him he is a coward and not a man because he does have ambition. Truly believing that Macbeth wou ldn't be a man if he didn't agree to the killing, Lady Macbeth tells him that When [he] durst do it, then [she would see him as] a man. Eventually, she overcomes Macbeths fears and turns him into what she see is a man - cruel and ambitious. Unlike Lady Macbeth, Macduffs views on manhood shows some lovingness and feelings as well as cruelty and cold-heartledness. When he learned of his familys murders, Macduff is caught off guard and is filled with pain and disbelief. While Malcolm implores him to dispute it like a man, Macduff tells him that he must also feel it as a man, which changes the image of a man given above by Lady Macbeth. While she portrays men as being cruel and cold-hearted, Macduff shows that a man is cruel and cold when he needs to be, but feels just as intensely as he acts. In the play, he is portrayed as the ideal man; brave, honorable, loyal and powerful but yet sensitive and loving. Finally Shakespeare last point on manhood happens when Siward learns of his son, Young Siwards death. When Siward learns of his sons death, he asks where his sons wounds are. The fact Young Siward is wounded on his front body shows that he did not try to run away from the battle but instead, fought bravely like a man. Although the death of his son hurts Siward, he

Essay on 2 week fitness program

Essay on 2 week fitness program Essay on 2 week fitness program 2 WEEK FITNESS PROGRAM Personal reasons Lose weight Get in shape Build Muscle Increase Strength Increase Endurance Healthier Lifestyle Goals Lose 10-15 pounds Be in it for the long run (stay healthy/fit) Better nutrition habits Longer amount of time running Stronger upper and lower body Tone and cut (abs,glutes,legs,arms) Warm Ups 5-10 min bike/treadmill Dynamic stretches Rope jumping Arm circles Quads, hamstrings, Jumping jacks Cool down Static stretches Quads, Hamstrings, Glutes, Chest, Triceps Upper back stretches 5 min bike or 10 min walk Sauna Monday : Cardio & Aerobic Conditioning Tuesday : Abs, Triceps, & Back Wednesday : Lower Body, Legs, & Calves Thursday : Cardio, Core series Friday : Total Body Training Saturday : OFF Sunday : 30 min jog Monday - WEEK 1 : Cardio & Aerobic Conditioning Warm up Upper body Stretches 5 min bike Work out 1 mile Run 30 minutes Elliptical Heart Rate/140 limit 30 minutes zumba class Cool down Static stretches Sauna 10 minutes TUESDAY – WEEK 1: Abs, Triceps & Back Warm up 15 min Dynamic stretches 5 minute incline cardio Work out sets of pull-ups x 3 (10,8,6) Wide-grip front x 3 (12x30p,10x40p,8x50p) Rows x 3 (12x50p, 10x55p, 8x60p) Behind Cable triceps 4 x 12 (25p). Dips Triceps 3 x 6 Triceps Dumbbells kick back 3 x 15 E (15p) Regular crunches 4 x 10,15,25 Sit ups 4 x 10,15,25 Scissors 3 x 15 Medicine ball crunches 1 x 30 Cool down 5 minute jog Static stretches Wednesday – WEEK 1: Lower body, Legs & Calves Warm up: Lower body stretches 5 min bicycle Work Out: 90 degree squats 3 x 12 (25pE) Floor squats 3 x 10 Dumbbell Lunges 3 x 10 (15p) Duck squats 3 x 12 Leg Extensions 3 x 12 (own weigh resistance) Quads machine 3 x 12 (20p starting) Hamstring machine 3 x 12 (20p starting) Calve muscle machines 3 x 12 (50-70p) Cool down Static stretches 5 minute walk THURSDAY - WEEK 1: Cardio & Core series Warm up 10 min stretch 5 minute jog Work out Bicycle 2 x 15 Superman 2 x 10 ( 2 sec hold) Plank x 1 min Crunches 2 x 15 Leg glute bridge 2 x 10 Alternating toe touch 2 x 10 3 min jog and sprint for 1 min ( back and forth) x 15min treadmill. Cool down 5 min bike 2 min Rope jumping Friday – WEEK 2: total body training Warm up Dynamic stretches 10 jumping jacks Arm circles Work out Flat bench press 3 x 10 (30pE) Incline bench press 3 x 10 (25pE) Push-ups 3 x 10 Squats 3 x 10 (25p) Pull ups 3 x 10 Rows 3 x 10 (50-60p) Lunges 2 x 10 Swiss ball crunches 3 x 25 Sit ups 3 x 20-25 Side plank 30 sec each 1 min front plank Cool down Static Streches 10 sauna SATURDAY Week 1: OFF SUNDAY Week 1: 45 Min JOG Monday - WEEK 2: Cardio & Aerobic Conditioning Warm up Dynamic/Upper body Stretches 10 min bike Work out 1.5 mile Run 40 minutes Elliptical Heart Rate/140 limit 45 minutes zumba class Cool down Static stretches Sauna 15 minutes TUESDAY – WEEK 2: Abs, Triceps & Back Warm

Leadership in Health Care Organizations Practicum Assignment

Leadership in Health Care Organizations Practicum - Assignment Example However, managing people is the top of the list of the responsibilities that I must fulfil. Throughout the past two weeks, I manage nurses and provide leadership in terms of supervising their work, providing them with guidance especially new nurses at the unit. I also provide support to the nurses especially when facing challenges both at work and at home when they need professional support. When nurses have problems, they come to me as the first person before going to my superiors. I work under the director of the medical telemetry unit. He is my preceptor at the unit. I also contribute to his life in the sense that I help him to manage the nurses at the unit fill out the required forms and attend meeting when he cannot attend. I help to make his work easy by helping to make appropriate decisions for the unit and help implement those decisions. A part of my responsibility is to provide managerial assistance either as a subordinate or as a full manager when he is not around. I should also provide personal support to the director when he faces challenges and needs someone h e can talk to or help him to overcome the challenges. By doing the above responsibilities I contribute to the life of the director. Currently, I have completed 18 hours out of 150 hours. During these hours, I have engaged in different activities. In my line of work, I interact with different people that include nurses, my director and patients. During the two weeks, I have interacted with different people but I have interacted with three people the most. The first person I have interacted with numerous times is my preceptor. He has been attending a one-month seminar at the hospital on improving services at the medical telemetry unit at the institution. As such, he spends most of the day at the seminar leaving me to manage the unit most of the time and requires that I report to him every day about the activities and events at the unit. I have had meetings with

Risk management and insuranc Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk management and insuranc - Assignment Example Secondly, the risk discovered is then measured in terms of the impact it can cause if it was to occur. That is done by estimating the frequency and severity of the risk. Alternative solutions are then examined to come up with the best way of solving the risk. The step puts more emphasis on how to deal with the risk and the most affordable alternative as well as choosing the most effective method to deal with the risk. The fourth step involves making a decision on which alternative to apply in order to manage the risk entirely. Risk managers come up with a conclusion of which method to use and, as a result, implement it. Potential methods are applied to either control or prevent the occurrence of a risk. After applying the solution, managers monitor the results of the activity performed to ensure quality work and fair progress of the risk management process. Managers also find the needed resources to fund the process (Outreville, 2014). Finally, the process ends up with an evaluation step. After implementing the alternative, an analysis is undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the method towards managing risk. When it comes to comparing social security programs in different countries, one would be referring to the systems used by various countries to maintain the social security benefits programs. Comparing Australia and Mexico, both have employed new strategies of increasing the revenue they generate to support the programs. Australia has indeed increased the retirement age of women from 60 to 65 (Zavora, & Chepurny, 2014). The country has also strengthened the ways of determining whether an individual qualifies for age pension as well as instituting asset-based tests to help in the process. In Mexico, things seem to change a bit since the government has increased the year earnings as well as the contribution rates to

The Pros and Cons of Using Encryption as a Key Technological Solution Essay

The Pros and Cons of Using Encryption as a Key Technological Solution to Corporate Security - Essay Example Moreover, the encryption can be employed to offer high level security to e-mail, network communication, data and information stored on hard drives or any portable or mobile disks, as well as other information that necessitates safety (Cook, 2000). This paper discusses some of the main areas and aspects of encryption and its main applications, organizational implications and the evolution of old and current practices. Application of Encryption Encryption is technique of translation of information and data into a clandestine code. Additionally, the technique of encryption is the most efficient method to assure data security. In this way, to interpret an encrypted file, we should have access to a password or else secret key that facilitates us to decrypt it. Unencrypted information as well as data is known as plain text; hidden or encrypted data is known as cipher text (Webopedia, 2010). An unbelievable development of the Internet has energized companies as well as customers in a simila r way through its assurance of altering the means we subsist and work. It is very simple to purchase and sell goods all through the world using a computer or laptop. However safety and security is a main distress on the Internet, particularly when we are utilizing it to transmit sensitive data and information among diverse groups of people (Tyson, 2010). In case of Encryption techniques we need to encrypt a huge number of secret information and data. For example in case of web based business or corporate data transfer we need some sort of sensitive and high value information like credit-card information, confidential communication, social security information, susceptible business details, personal details and bank-account information. In this scenario, the information security is offered on computers and over the Internet through a multiplicity of techniques. An easy and straightforward security technique is to simply put sensitive information on removable storage media similar to moveable pen drives or peripheral hard drives. However the majority well-liked types of safety the entire depend on encryption, the procedure of hiding and encoding data and information in such a manner that just the person (or computer) that has the decoding key is able to decode the message (Tyson, 2010). Evolution of Encryption In its first kind, people have been trying to hide certain data and information that they desired to keep in their own control through alternating parts of the information by means of signs, pictures as well as numbers. Earliest Babylonian merchants employed intaglio, a part of plane stone engraved into a collection of images as well as a number of writings to recognize them in trading matters. However, through this method, they are creating what these days we recognize as 'digital signature.' The people are acquainted with that a specific 'signature' having relation to this merchant, however just he had the intaglio to generate that specified signature. C ertainly, technology nowadays has developed at such fast swiftness that requires caring for information develops by decreasing the dependability of older encryption

Transportation In Malaysian Context

Transportation In Malaysian Context Unlike most other Asian cities, driving is the main mode of commuting in Kuala Lumpur. Hence, every part of the city is well connected by highways. As the capital of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur has a comprehensive road network that leads to the rest of Peninsular Malaysia. Public transport in Kuala Lumpur and the rest of the Klang Valley covers a variety of transport modes such as bus, rail and taxi. Based on the article Prasarana to buy trains worth RM1.2bil by The Star in 2006, despite efforts to promote usage of public transportation, utilisation rates are low as only 16 percent of the population used public transportation. Rail transport in Kuala Lumpur encompasses light rail, rapid transit, monorail and commuter rail. Kuala Lumpur is served by three separate rail systems which meet in the city and extend towards other parts of the Klang Valley, namely RapidKL Light Rail Transit, KL Monorail, and KTM Komuter. These lines have underground, elevated or at-grade stations around the city. The main rapid transit hub is KL Sentral which facilitates as an interchange station for the rail systems. RapidKL is the operator of two light rail lines in Kuala Lumpur and the Klang Valley, namely Ampang Line and Kelana Jaya Line which connect Kuala Lumpur to its satellite city, Petaling Jaya. The issue of what transport system in Kuala Lumpur City Centre and Petaling Jaya has today is, people are too lazy. They are lazy to walk so they decided to park their car as close as they can to their destination. They are lazy to find car parks so they park at road shoulders, causing congestion to the drivers and also an obstacle for pedestrians and cyclists. They are lazy to walk a few miles to the nearest LRT station to go to city centre and opt to go there by car instead, despite the massive traffic especially during early morning and late evening. But they are okay with it. Because no matter how they said they hate the traffic, they would still go out using their cars, and put up hours on the road, wasting precious times. So why would these people, simply put up with the traffic that they hate so much and deceiving the fact that they have the multi-million Ringgit worth of PUTRA LRT, which is one of the most advanced rapid transit systems in the world, and at the time of construction was the worlds longest driverless metro. Because if they travel with LRT, it may not stop approximately at their destination. Theres this term, faced by the LRT users, which are called first mile and last mile. And Malaysian hates this. So they prefer to sit in their little air-conditioned steel boxes which move slower than a bike during peak hours. Because of peoples love for their cars, finding a solution to the question of access to these buildings, to avoid being surrounded by a sea of parked cars, is therefore an important part of the problem. According to Brian Richards in his book Future Transport in the cities (1960), he summed up the approaches that being used towards dealing with traffic problems in the cities by the authorities. These approaches are: There is a serious and effective grass roots opposition in most countries to more urban road-building on the basis that more roads mean more traffic. Within residential areas there has been the development of traffic calming and town yards. Controls on parking within city centres has effectively reduced and controlled the amount of traffic entering cities. Planning laws are banning more out of town shopping centres or random car-oriented developments. Public transport has been maintained and improved, without which any of the other measures would be effective. Although these measures were introduced, there are problems with the continuing growth of cars, the political strength of car lobby and the desire for people to own and use their own cars. In this selfish world, people love their cars. It gives them a retreat from the real world which partly accounts for their popularity. It provides them with a degree of comfort and privacy for the user, which public transportation did not have. It allows the user to go straight to their destination without having the hassle to change stations or switch mediums like public transportations do. As a result, these cars caused the most problems to city life. It is now that alternative ways must be sought to provide transportation systems that are good enough for people to opt out for it and leave their cars for major trips like going back to their kampung and road trips. Another reason that makes people opt for cars is the lack connectivity of LRT in Petaling Jaya area. Realising the problem, the Government of Malaysia is now working on a Malaysia Rapid Transit project. The proposal was announced in June 2010 and was approved by the government of Malaysia in December 2010. The newly-launched Land Public Transport Commission (SPAD) will oversee and coordinate the entire MRT development in terms of cost and viability, alignment and integration, and will play the role of regulator once the project is completed. National infrastructure company, Syarikat Prasarana Negara would ultimately own and operate the MRT. A First Class Land Public Transport System Contributes to Social and Economic Development Historical data in Malaysia and around the world indicates a correlation between GDP and mobility growth increased population, employment and economic activity always translate into higher mobility requirements. In this context, a first class land public transport system is especially important given our immediate aims as outlined in the ETP: 6 per cent annual growth and 3.3 million new jobs by 2020. Travel vehicle demand grew from 13 million trips per day in 1991 to 40 million in 2010. Projections point towards this trend continuing in Malaysia, with the figure expected to reach a staggering 133 million in 2030.With urbanization expected to reach 70 per cent by 2020, there is a need to enable an efficient and smooth flow of people, which in turn also enables the growth of new urban areas through increased connectivity. Beyond satisfying a growing demand, land public transport plays a catalytic role in accelerating and shaping economic growth. Provision of effective public transport services has the potential of opening up new growth clusters, enhancing the attractiveness of existing clusters, and driving urban revitalization. And there are other positive spill-over effects of increased economic activity built upon an advanced land public transport network it yields employment and business opportunities in local economies by having synergies with other industries like advertisement, retail and property development. Malaysia has seen a surge in ownership of cars and motorcycles across the country, which is an indication of our countrys increased prosperity, but although private vehicles contribute to the mobility solution, sustainable and inclusive social and economic development cannot be overly dependent on private vehicles. As a general rule, public transportation is more affordable and mitigate traffic congestion as well as the attendant pollution problems caused by private vehicles on the road. All this puts tremendous pressure on the land public transport system to meet the mobility and connectivity requirements closely linked to the social and economic development agenda. Public Transport Masterplan which was being proposed recently. MY Rapid Transit (MRT) is a proposed three-line Mass Rapid Transit system in the Klang Valley. The MRT will be integrated with the LRT, Monorail, KTM Komuter and intra/ intercity buses and will help alleviate traffic congestion by increasing the number of people using public transport in the city centre. When operational, the system targets to carry 400,000 commuters daily. In 2020, it is estimated that the population in the Klang Valley will grow from the current 6 million to 10 million. This means that if every single trip is on private transport, the roads in the Klang Valley will be in gridlock. An effective public transport system is the only solution to this as it can move people in masses and it has an optimal usage of space to carry the same number of people. Rail-based public transport, such as the MRT, LRT or commuter train, always forms the backbone of a citys public transport system as it can carry large numbers of people and can move people quickly because it is not hindered by road traffic. Klang Valley currently has a shortage of rail-based public transport coverage compared with most public transport-oriented cities. It has less than 20km per million population. Public transport-oriented cities such as Singapore, Hong Kong and London have more than 40km of rail per million population. With the MRT, it will boost the rail-based public transport coverage in Klang Valley significantly. The first line of this project is the Sungai Buloh Kajang Line (SBK Line), which stretches 51km and have 31 stations. The line will pass through the city centre and will serve densely populated suburban areas including Kota Damansara, Mutiara Damansara, Bandar Utama, Taman Tun Dr Ismail, Bukit Damansara, Cheras, Bandar Tun Hussein Onn and Balakong, with a total catchment population of 1.2 million people. Out of the 31 stations, 16 stations will be equipped with Park and Ride facilities: Sungai Buloh Maluri Pusat Bandar Damansara Kota Damansara Taman Bukit Mewah Bandar Tun Hussein Onn Taman Industri Sungai Buloh Plaza Phoenix Taman Koperasi Taman Tun Dr Ismail Taman Suntex Saujana Impian Seksyen 16 Taman Cuepacs Kajang Works on the MRT SBK line has begun in July 2011 and is expected to be completed by 2017. The Klang Valley MRT will not only significantly increase the current inadequate rail network but will also serve to integrate the existing rail networks and expectantly alleviate the severe traffic congestion in the Greater KL metropolitan area. The new MRT system is to radically improve and transform Kuala Lumpurs poor and sorely inadequate public transportation coverage and to propel the Greater Kuala Lumpur metropolitan area to be on par with that of a developed city. The new lines will increase Greater Kuala Lumpurs rapid rail network from 15 km per million people in 2010 to 40 km per million people once completed. The proposal also envisages a fivefold increase in rail ridership, in line with the governments target for public transport usage in the Klang Valley of 40% by 2020 from 18% in 2009. The Red Line will go from Damansara in the northwest to Serdang in the southeast of Kuala Lumpur, While the Green Line will be from Kepong in the northeast to Cheras in the southwest. Bot h lines will pass through the city of Kuala Lumpur and converge at the Dataran Perdana (Kuala Lumpur International Financial District) near Jalan Tun Razak. The underground MRT Line 2 looping around the city of Kuala Lumpur will serve an important role to tie-up and integrate the currently disjointed LRT and monorail lines. Under the Greater KL/ Klang Valley Land Public Transport Master Plan draft, MRT 2 would cater for orbital movements around Kuala Lumpur, provide linkages to existing areas such as the Mid Valley, Mont Kiara, Sentul Timur and Ampang, as well as proposed major developments identified in the DBKL City Plan such as Matrade. The master plan draft says the circle line would be developed in at least two phases The first, comprising 29km with 22 stations would be the western and southern sections linking Ampang with Mid Valley, Matrade and Sentul. The second phase (12km with 8 stations) would link Ampang with Sentul Timur, completing the northeastern sector of the circle line. The master plan also says MRT 3 or the north-south (NS) line would cater for a north-west corridor of the Greater Klang Valley, linking developing areas such as Sungai Buloh, Kepong and Selayang with the eastern half of the city centre (including Kampung Baru and Kuala Lumpur International Financial District), which was forecast to be overloaded in the future. Sustainably Enhancing Connectivity Public transport has an important role to play in Malaysias aspirations to develop holistically and sustainably. As populations in urban centres get denser, the problems of congestion and pollution will rise. Proper planning of public transport and land-use are essential to mitigate the ill-effects of population growth in urban areas and to make city-life a pleasant, healthy and environmentally sustainable one. Under the Final Draft of Malaysias National Land Public Transport Masterplan, chapter 3.7 ABOUT BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE states that policy 3.7.1 is to promote healthy living. One of the indirect benefits of using land public transport systems is that they indirectly promote healthier lifestyles. This is because when the public transportation hubs are well connected, the first and last miles of a public transport users journey are typically travelled by foot, rather than in a car or on a motorcycle. The stretch between the public transport station and the users origin or destination is crucial to reduce the barrier of using public transport in the first place. †¢ Pedestrian facilities improvement to bus stops and railway stations will be encouraged as part of the local authority development plans. Walking structures should be defined around transit stops to increase the convenience of those locations. To enhance the accessibility of KLà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s public transport network, a target has been set of having 75 per cent of the population live within 400 meters of a public transport stop. In addition to ensuring ease of access to the major transport nodes for pedestrians, fitting in cyclist-friendly infrastructure such as bicycle parking facilities and bicycle lanes will make it easier and more attractive for people to ride to the stations or interchanges. It will also increase the catchment area of these bus interchanges or rail stations as people living further away would not be put off by having to walk a distance to take public transport. policy 3.7.1 : Final Draft of Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s National Land Public Transport Masterplan First, lets take Singapore as a reference in terms of public transportation usage and connectivity. It is easy to take Singapore as a reference to this study because of its climate is the same as Malaysia and taking Kuala Lumpur City Centre and Petaling Jaya as a place of study, it is almost similar to Singapore in terms of urbanization. Then again, how did Singapore able to encourage their people to use their public transportation? Although the approach of Singaporean government is not through cycling, however, it is still beneficial to review their integrated transport system and compare with our own transportation system. In terms of connectivity, public transportation in Singapore is highly connected all over its main town to its suburbs. Since Singapore is a small town with a high density of population, it is possible to do so. Furthermore, because of its size, it is possible to enforce restrictions on private car ownership this, curbing congestion and pollution. To own a car, one must pay duty one and a half times the market value and bid for a Singapore Certificate of Entitlement which comes in very limited numbers. Therefore, according to Singapores department of statistics, only 1 very 10 people own a car. Within the absence of private cars, Singaporeans seems to live normally and manage their time effectively, to catch up with the public transportations schedule. Singaporeans usually travels either by bus, taxis, trains, or maybe a combination and some of them might cycle. Although according to Tan Mike Tze in a chapter of the book THE JOURNEY: Singapores Land Transportation Story (2005), he says Singaporeans does not like the idea of pedal-powered bicycle as it is too hot and humid, the traffic is dangerous to the cyclist and so on. Also, generally bicycles are used by construction workers, say some. In the book, Tan Mike Tze has this thought where he wants people to imagine a world where everybody goes to work by bicycles or walking or public transportation and their companies are encouraging it by providing showers and changing room facilities allow people to freshen up before starting their work. A world with dedicated lanes and protected side road reserves for the bicycles. A world where the roads are dominated by cyclists and pedestrians and cars have to give way to them. Imagine the health benefits, environmental friendliness and sheer graciousness in such a world. In Petaling Jaya, there are already bicycle paths and bicycle parkings at bus stops, being integrated as part of a residential areas streetscape in Damansara Jaya. Although not many people have come to know about these facilities, it is actually a part of Petaling Jayas Green City big plan, where they are trying to decrease the carbon footprints produced and reduce the use of private motorised vehicles on the road. The bicycle path in Damansara Jaya is the pioneer project which tries to communicates urban parks within the Petaling Jaya area. Even though it was meant for recreation, it indirectly helps the cyclist to safely commute within that area. Children can now cycle to school without having their parents to worry about their safety on the road, thus, reducing the number of cars on the road during 7.00 am to 7.30 am and 2.00pm to 3.30pm. It is a very good example set up by the Petaling Jaya Municipalities on how to manage traffic in urban areas. Singapores transport planners have occasionally toyed with this idea. The Registry of Vehicles stopped registering bicycles in 1981, but a 1955 estimate reckoned Singaporean owned about 240 bicycles per 1000 population. This puts Singapore sixth in a table with other developed countries, a table inevitably topped by the developing worlds most devoted cyclist, in Holland, with its 550 bicycles per 1000 people. But ownership does not equate with usage, of course. Most bicycles use in Singapore is recreational, and often the bikes belong to a child or teenagers but not working adults. There already is a good network of recreational bike paths in parkland areas. But only 1% of Singaporean trips were made on bicycles in 1995, way below the most other countries. In many admittedly cooler European countries, up to 50% of rail travellers and perhaps 20% of bus travellers may arrive at the station or terminus on a bicycle. There certainly are valid safety concerns, given the current configuration of Singapores roads; while only 1% trips were made by bicycle, the percentage of road accident casualties for cyclists is disproportionately large, at about 4%. But these conditions could be changed. The cyclist could be protected via dedicated lanes or paths among other strategies. Road planners, of course, panic that they are already short enough of land for road-building, without sacrificing any more for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-frills such as bicycle lanes. For engineers, all the glamour lies in rail. To some extent, this mindset can be seen in the 1996 White Paper A World Class Land Transport System. In this report, bicycles are relegated to a brief paragraph at the back, under the general heading Supporting Measures. The provision of more facilities for bicycles would encourage short trips of about 3km within housing estates, and possibly to the nearest MRT stations as well. It is the strength of this lobby to create future demand that ultimately will determine whether the planners really embrace the bicycle. The Land Transport Authority, had provided some 869 bicycles at 38 MRT stations by 1997, but it seems significant that bicycles did not feature in the LTA annual report after that, and that a search of the current LTA website under bicycle- does not yield any information. How much friendlier and nicer our roads and public spaces would it be if more of us paddled around on bicycles instead of sitting high and aloof in our four-wheeled steel boxes. It will require a national cycling strategy integrated into the national transport, health and environmental policy. The such master plan will provide for necessary infrastructure such as traffic signs and bicycle parkings, redesign roads and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾traffic calmingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ measures in built up areas and school zones to slow down motor traffic. It will require some changes to the law, most importantly, it will require safety education and training for all road users. Chin Yih Ling, Singaporeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s Today Newspaper, 17 January 2005 According to existing cyclists, cycling in early in the morning and late afternoon hours could be much more comfortable than walking as they can feel the breeze during riding the bike and the temperature of the surrounding is quite cool. It would extend the catchment of the LRT stations of more than 45% walking, thus making cycling a better option than walking. In Malaysia, people are allowed to take motorcycle license as early at the age of 16 and car license at the age of 18. Malaysia has cheap petrols, subsidized by the government, lots of highways and wide roads to occupy the needs of urban transportation. Therefore, people here cant seem to find a reason to not own a car or ride one. Thus, the existence of bicycle is forgotten. Even kids are demanding to be sent and invited back home by cars. Bicycles in Kuala Lumpur city centre and Petaling Jaya are now merely for recreations, where people brought their bicycle by cars, to the urban parks, and ride it there for the sake of heal th benefits they claim. There are even peoples, who strived the congested roads every day after work, for the sake of riding a stationary bicycle at the gym, also, for the health benefits. Figure 2.1.3 Copenhagen, Denmark, Mao showing 300km of cycle paths provided beside all existing regional roads and distributor streets, used by 30% of commuters daily. New cycle routes are being built, aimed at increasing the length of average cycle trips from 5 to 15km. For those who arent cycling, the idea of having a dedicated bike path would make them think as if it was a waste of space and resources. But looking things at a bigger picture, having dedicated bicycle paths would encourage more people to cycle as it ensures the cyclists safety on the road. When more people cycles, the dependency on private cars lessens thus, reducing the number of cars on the road, and releasing the traffics pressure, especially during peak hour. With just a few millions spent on providing bicycle-oriented facilities such as painting the paths and providing bicycle parking, and give 1.5 metre minimum from the existing roads to these bike paths instead of spending billions on building more highways and flyovers the government could save billions more and able to spend it to increase the performance of existing public transportations such as increasing the number of coaches to the train to allow more people to enjoy the ride, increasing the number of trains and platforms to allow more frequent trips and better connectivity to places throughout the city. 2.2 Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur is the federal capital of Malaysia. The city covers an area of 243KM ² and has an estimated population of 1.6 million as of 2012. At 1999, the administrative centre of Malaysia was shifted to Putrajaya as an approach to release the population pressure of Kuala Lumpur. Started as a tin mining town, Kuala Lumpur evolves rapidly as among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in the country, in terms of population and economy Malaysia. After the big flood swept through the town following a fire that had engulfed it earlier in 1881, Kapitan Yap Ah Loy restructured the building layout of the city into new brick buildings with clay tiles inspired by shophouses in southern China, characterised by five foot ways as well as skilled Chinese carpentry work. This resulted in a distinct eclectic shop house architecture typical of this region. A railway line increased accessibility into the growing town. As the development intensified in the 1890s, Kapitan Yap Ah Loy spent a sum of $20,000 to expand road access in the city significantly, linking up tin mines with the city, these roads include the main arterial roads of Ampang Road, Pudu Road and Petaling Street. Climate and weather Protected by the Titiwangsa Mountains in the east and Indonesias Sumatra Island in the west, Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya has a tropical rainforest climate which is hot and humid all year round. Average temperatures tend to remain constant between 31 and 33  °C and typically receives minimum 2,600 mm of rain annually. Flooding is a frequent occurrence in both cities whenever there is a heavy downpour, especially in the city centre and downstream areas. Dust particles from forest fires from nearby Sumatra sometimes cast a haze over the region. It is a major source of pollution in the city together with open burning, emission from motor vehicles and construction works. 2.3 Petaling Jaya Petaling Jaya is a city in Selangor originally developed as a satellite township for Kuala Lumpur, comprising mostly residential and some industrial areas. It is located in the Petaling district with First developed by the British on the former 486 hectares Effingham Estate,as an answer to the problem of overpopulation in Kuala Lumpur in 1952 and has since witnessed a dramatic growth in terms of population size and geographical importance. The migration from Kuala Lumpur to the Petaling area had indeed started before the town was officially named in 1953 as Petaling Jaya. The satellite town began to take shape in 1952 when 800 houses were built and another 200 under construction. By the end of 1957, there were well over 3,200 houses in Petaling Jaya, along with more than 100 shops and 28 operating factories. The year also saw the opening of the first phase of the Federal Highway (Lebuhraya Persekutuan) which divided Petaling Jaya into two. Linking Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya and Port Klang, it enhanced PJs reputation as a strategically located town, particularly in the eyes of industrialists and the affluent searching for prime residential land. Transportation facilities and infrastructure are well developed in Petaling Jaya. Bus services were initially provided by Sri Jaya between the early 1950s until the early 1990s. The mid-eighties saw the introduction of minibuses. The introduction of the IntraKota bus system by DRB-Hicom saw the replacement of Sri Jaya and the minibus by the early 1990s. At the same time, some of the Petaling Jaya-Kuala Lumpur bus routes were also serviced by Metrobus. The introduction of the Putra LRT service in 1998 saw the addition of the Putraline feeder bus services. The combination of Putraline and Putra LRT brought a relief to many Petaling Jaya residents especially those who had had to rely on public transportation. In 2006 RapidKL took over the operations of IntraKota as well as both Star and Putra LRT. Today, public transportation is provided by RapidKL in the form of buses as well as the KL Light Rail Transit System Kelana Jaya Line, which extends slightly into Petaling Jaya. There are five Kelana Jaya Line stations in Petaling Jaya.Petaling Jaya has three access points to the national highway system North-South Expressway via Kota Damansara, Damansara, and Subang. Internally, highways such as the Damansara-Puchong Expressway, Sprint Expressway and the Federal Highway also exist. There are plans for extensions to the existing Klang Valley light rail transit network with a new 30 km line from Kota Damansara in the northern part of Petaling Jaya to Cheras (southern Kuala Lumpur) with stops in Mutiara Damansara and Taman Tun Dr Ismail, to name a few. The extension line which would connect to Subang Jaya, the Kelana Jaya Line, will start operation on April 2011 and expected to be completed in 2013. 2.4 Cycling In The City Before the economy of Malaysia blooms and the first national car, Proton Saga, was launched in July 1985 by Malaysias then Prime Minister, Mahathir bin Mohamad, cars is a luxury to many, and cycle is the most common medium of transportation. Peoples daily travel distances were shorter and the city is more friendly towards people, rather than machines. People in those days treated cycling as part of their utility, rather than a hobby. Utility or transportational cycling generally involves travelling short and medium distances, which involves a few kilometres and not more, often in an urban environment. It includes commuting to work, school or university, going shopping and running errands, as well as heading out to see friends and family or for other social activities. It also includes economic activity such as the delivering of goods or services. In big cities, the bicycle courier has been often a familiar feature, and freight bicycles are capable of competing with trucks and vans particularly where many small deliveries are required, especially in congested areas. In Yokohama, Japan, bicycle also being used as a medium of public transportation through services called Velotaxi. Similar to the old days rickshaw, Velotaxi provides environmental friendly transport to its user and is actually one of the main tourist attractions in the city. Utility cycling is believed to have several social and economic benefits. According to a report by the Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Cycling in Netherlandsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-, policies that encourage utility cycling have been proposed and implemented for reasons including: Improved public health Individual health and employers profits A reduction in traffic congestion and air pollution Improvements in road traffic safety Improved quality of life Improved mobility and social inclusiveness Benefits to child development In the Chinese city of Beijing alone, there are an estimated four million bicycles in use based on article à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢China ends bicycle kingdom as embracing cars, China Daily on 11th November 2004, which stated it has been estimated that in the early-1980s there were approximately 500 million cyclists in China). While in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢A Study on Measures to Promote Bicycle Usage in Japan Department of Civil Engineering, Utsunomiya University, as of the year 2000, there were an estimated 80 million bicycles in Japan, accounting for 17% of commuter trips, and also, in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Cycling in Netherlandsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬- report, stated in the Netherlands, 27% of all trips are made by bicycle. Figure 2.4.3 A common type bicycle in Japan where it comes with front and rear-mounted child seats. Source: Authors own Factors That Influence Levels of Utility Cycling According to a book by Grà ©gory Vandenbulcke-Plasschaert, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Spatial Analysis of Bicycle Use and Accident Risks for Cyclistsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-, many different factors combine to influence levels of utility cycling.In developing economies, a large amount of utility cycling may be seen simply because the bicycle is the most affordable form of vehicular transport available to many people. In richer countries, where people can have the choice of a mixture of transport types, a complex interplay of other factors influences the level of bicycle usage. Factors affecting cycling levels may include: Quality of infrastructure, such as the availability of bike path, safe parkings,etc. Retail policy Marketing the public image of cycling Integration with other transport modes Cycle training Terrain condition which influences bikeability Distance to destin

Charles Lindbergh :: essays research papers

Charles Lindbergh Shortly after Charles Lindbergh landed, he was swarmed by 25,000 Parisians who carried the wearied pilot on their shoulders. They were rejoicing that Charles Lindbergh, the American aviator who flew the first transatlantic flight, had just landed at Le Bourget field in France. Having just completed what some people called an impossible feat, he was instantly a well-known international hero. Despite his pro-German stance during World War II, Charles Lindbergh is also an American hero. A record of his happiness and success exists in the material form of his plane hanging in the Smithsonian Institute; however, much of Lindbergh's life was clouded by turmoil. The life of Charles Lindbergh though best remembered for his heroic flight across the Atlantic, was marred by the kidnapping of his baby and his fall from favor with the American public following his pro-German stance during the 1930's. Charles Lindbergh, the famous American aviator, was born February 4, 1902 in Detroit, Michigan. As a boy he loved the outdoors and frequently hunted. He maintained a good relationship with his parents "who trusted him and viewed him as a very responsible child". His father, for whom young Charles chauffeured as a child, served in the U.S. Congress from 1907 to 1917. Lindbergh's love of machinery was evident by the age of 14; "He could take apart a automobile engine and repair it". Attending the University of Wisconsin, Lindbergh studied engineering for two years. Although he was an excellent student, his real interest was in flying. As a result, in 1922 he switched to aviation school. Planes became a center of his life after his first flight. His early flying career involved flying stunt planes at fair and air shows. Later, in 1925 he piloted the U. S. Mail route from St. Louis to Chicago. On one occasion while flying this route his engine failed and he did a nosedive towards the ground. Recovering from the nosedive he straightened the plane successfully and landed the plane unharmed. This skill would later be invaluable when he was forced to skim ten feet above the waves during his famous transatlantic flight. As early as 1919 Lindbergh was aware of a prize being offered by the Franco-American philanthropist Raymond B. Orteig of New York City. Orteig offered 25, 000 dollars to the individual who completed the first non-stop transatlantic flight from New York to Paris. Ryan Air manufactured his single engine monoplane, the Spirit of St. Louis, so named because many of his investors were from that city. In preparation for the flight, Lindbergh flew the Spirit of St.